Comparing Heart of Darkness and Wuthering Heights Essay -- Comparison

Likenesses between Heart of Darkness and Wuthering Heights  In spite of the fact that Joseph Conrad's tale, Heart of Darkness, and Emily Bronte's, Wuthering Heights, were written in various period, they do in certainty share a couple of likenesses.  As a matter of first importance, Heart of Darkness and Wuthering Heights analyze in the way that the two books draw on their individual writer's very own encounters. Emily Bronte, who wrote in the last Romantic Period yet in addition had qualities of Victorian essayists, was left motherless at two years old and consumed a large portion of her time on earth with her dad and kin in Haworth, England. It was in this area that Emily originally encountered the fields that assume a basic job of her novel connecting Wuthering Heights with Thushcross Grange. The fields was the zone Heathcliff and Catherine would get away to when things were troublesome. Haworth was a town that was segregated and encircled by moors a lot of like the setting of Wuthering Heights is portrayed. Likewise, Emily Bronte matches her own life in the way where she makes motherless characters. For instance, Catherine and Hindley lose their mom at a youthful age just as Catherine in the end bites the dust leaving her you ng girl, Catherine motherless. Joseph Conrad draws on his own individual  al encounters in his novel, Heart of Darkness. Joseph Conrad had consistently been captivated with the open seas, maps, and strange domains of the African mainland. He was employed by a British Company to work a little steamship on the African Congo. He went on this excursion and keeping in mind that there started keeping diaries that would later turn into the reason for this novel.  Also, the writers of Wuthering Heights and Heart of Darkness both compose their books in the story fr... ...brilliant and peppy inclination. It is valid for the two books, for each great there is a wickedness. In Wuthering Heights, the characters are combined. For example, two inverse family units and the difference of characters in Heathcliff versus Linton. We see the alliance of good stanzas terrible in Heart of Darkness, in the recognizable way where Conrad composes o  f the dark and the white. The basic tone of Heart of Darkness is the mistreatment of the British over the African locals in the Congo.  All in all, numerous years separate Wuthering Heights and Heart of Darkness. The current issues confronting these two writers were unique, anyway they do have comparable methods of communicating to their perusers the message they plan to pass on.  Works Cited Bronte, Emily. Wuthering Heights Conrad, Joseph. Heart of Darkness Gersh, Marianna. Heart of Darkness

Z

Chapter by chapter guide Introduction Calculations Discussion Reference List Introduction According to Heiman, a z-score indicates various standard deviations from the mean, which can be either positive, if the crude score is over the mean, or negative if the underlying information record is beneath the mean (Heiman, 2003, p. 94). Emerging from this, the introduced task gives a few variables.Advertising We will compose a custom article test on Z-score as a Number of Standard Deviations From the Mean explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More First, 17 minutes is a normal time that Eric takes to get the chance to work. 3 minutes is a standard deviation that is expected to drive from home, leave the vehicle and to land to his position. 21 minutes is time that Eric once required for getting to this work. In this way, it is considered as a crude score. As per recipe z-score equivalents to: The figurings have uncovered that z-score is certain in light of the fact that the unde rlying time taken by Eric is over the built up mean. Estimations If the time Eric gets to his work equivalents to 12, the figuring of z-score will look as follows: where X is the crude score, is the mean, and Sx equivalents to standard deviations. The estimations have uncovered that the z-score is negative in light of the fact that the underlying information is beneath the set up mean.Advertising Looking for paper on math insights? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Finally, if the crude score is equivalent to 17, it is conceivable to expect that the z-score will be indistinguishable with the crude score. Emerging from the above information, z-score will be equivalent to zero (0) since it is like crude worth. This can be outlined by the recipe: By changing over the information into z-esteem, it is conceivable to characterize the overall probabilities of different scores for normal amounts. It additionally permits to gauge the varieties of two distinct focuses that reliant on a similar mean. At long last, z-scores uncover lower and higher conveyances inside a datum unit. Conversation The above-introduced counts give varieties in standard deviation from the normal conveyance score. Because of certainty that z-score distinguishes a crude scores’ area thinking about the degree to which it is above or underneath the mean as introduced in standard deviations, the determined z-scores (1.33, - 1.7, and 0) permits use to characterize to what degree every factor associates with a similar crude score. In spite of the fact that they speak to dimensionless amount, they are as yet dependent on number got from singular crude information (Howitt and Crammer, 2007 p. 46). It ought to be conceded that positive and negative estimations of Eric getting the opportunity to work distinguishes the speed with which he can navigate the good ways from home to work as per the set up ordinary standard deviation. It gives a li kelihood to assess and figure the time required for passing the separation and building up the standards. Because of the way that typical dissemination bend show various information dispersions with respect to the normal mean, z-scores distinguishes the deviation from the standards and assesses the degree the information deviations from the ordinary circulation. In such manner, a typical bend is a lot of qualities for the mean. Notwithstanding this reality, ordinary bends depend on a similar property since standard deviation sets up a steady extent for the assignment of scores.Advertising We will compose a custom article test on Z-score as a Number of Standard Deviations From the Mean explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More Consequently, in the event that it is realized that various scores has a typical appropriation and that the standard deviation and the mean are likewise recognized, it is conceivable to characterize what number of scores can be introduced inside sp ecific cutoff points. Emerging from this, the two ideas are intently related. Reference List Heiman, G. (2003). Basic Statistics for the Behavioral Sciences. US: Wadsworth Publishing. Howitt, D., and Crammer, D. (2007). Prologue to Statistics in Psychology. UK: Pearson Education. This paper on Z-score as a Number of Standard Deviations From the Mean was composed and put together by client Damaris Stout to help you with your own investigations. You are allowed to utilize it for research and reference purposes so as to compose your own paper; notwithstanding, you should refer to it as needs be. You can give your paper here.

Paternity Leave Why We Need it and How to Do it Right

Paternity Leave Why We Need it â€" and How to Do it Right We need paternity leave. And we need more of it.Men, women and children benefit from it. At the same time the societal meaning of paternity leave is very much undermined by governments, employers, and even fathers and mothers around the globe.While the world largely agrees about the advantages of having maternity leave and the principle is applied in law and business, men struggle to find the same recognition for their need to be full time fathers in the first days of welcoming a new child in the family.Paternity leave is usually a lot shorter, and worse paid than maternity leave.What is more, men who take full advantage of their paternity leave often feel more prosecuted, judged and pressured afterwards to go back to the workforce and even compensate for the time they were missing.DO WE NEED PATERNITY LEAVE?The norm of paternity leave could be applied on a national level by the government or on a corporate level by the company.But let us strip for a second that term from all ties to laws and regulations. Let us forget international comparisons and statistics and just ask:Is it beneficial to society?According to one study from 2011, paid parental leave decreases the chance of neonatal and infant mortality rate by 10%, and is associated with a 9% lower rate of mortality in children  under 5 years old.The help of the father in the early stages of motherhood provides for the early return of the mother to the workforce and is associated with increased rates of breastfeeding.Taking a break from work in any form is of course beneficial to a man’s overall health. One examination of the Swedish Multigenerational Register even indicated fathers, who did take their paternity leave in Sweden in late 20th century, showed significantly lower risk of early mortality.Learn more about the benefits of paternity leave by watching this video: Young fathers suffer from gender inequalityThe imbalance between maternity and paternity leave is a leftover from another era.Women’s a bility to bear children, as the greatest difference between genders, has always been at the center of all arguments for inequality.Historically, it does make sense that for the larger part of society’s development women were taking care of the family and the home, while men provided.After a large majority of women entered the workforce mainly as one of the consequences to the World War II, a huge feminist movement has been activated to fight discrimination. Women had to be able to work, without being the victims of ill-natured expectations and false-moral preachings.And while it is widely recognized that women have a new role in society, the new, complementing role of men, is not as popular, protected or regulated â€" for example, women are still favored in child custody court battles.And another example, statistics show, is that in most of western countries women are still able to take substantially longer child-related leave than men.Sweden was the first country to regulate paid paternity leave, and that happened as late as 1974. Thirty-nine other countries followed with introducing similar measures in the next 20 years. And about 80 more countries, in the 20 years to follow.And still, leave for men is shorter, worse regulated and worse paid than leave for women.Men want to leave but can’t afford itA Research in Great Britain has interesting outcomes. It discovered that the more disadvantaged the background of the father is, the less likely they are to take paternity leave.The likeliness of a man to take leave did not vary significantly by age, although it did raise slightly for the group aged between 30 and 34Only 67% of men with low education could afford to leave, in contrast with 86% of men with high educationAs high as 82% of white men enjoyed their time with their family, while other ethnicities showed an average as low as 68%63% of men with household income below ten thousand pounds took advantage of paternity leave, while for households with inco me above thirty-one thousand pounds that percentage went as high as 86%.DO WE GET PATERNITY LEAVE?Dads, consciously or unconsciously recognize the need of the family to be there. Researchers found out that fathers WILL take their time off work when children are born, REGARDLESS of whether it is provided by law or not.Still, most governments and businesses only provide short, inadequately paid leave for men.The United States of AmericaThe FMLA (Family and Medical Leave Act) provides 12 weeks of unpaid paternity leave.However, the Act has severe restrictions that leave about half of American workers out of its coverage.To qualify, a father has to have worked at least for a year for the government or a private business that has more than 50 employees.Parts of the USA have more generous provisions for dads on the state level. California was the first state to regulate paid paternity leave for all workers â€" at a minimum of 55% and up to 100%. States such as Rhode Island, Jersey and DC have followed with their own regulation.It is largely dependent on businesses to protect fathers and offer them to benefit from the company’s support after a child birth or adoption. Luckily, there are companies that do it right:Johnson Johnson offer 8 weeks of paid leave following childbirth or adoption, and an optional 9th week for personal needs.Facebook offers up to 4 months of paid leave, which can be distributed according to need, throughout the course of a year.Netflix allows employees to do with video streaming to take advantage of up to a year of paid leave.The European UnionSocial policy is normally a field where the European Union leaves decisions to the member states.As far as maternity leave is concerned, there is a common regulation the 1992 Pregnant Workers Directive stipulates for 14 weeks of maternity leave, where 6 weeks are mandatory before and/or after birth.The allowance during that period was to be decided by the member states. There was a push in 2010 to e xtend the mandatory maternity leave to 18 weeks, and to introduce paternity leave of at least 2 weeks throughout the Union, however, it was never excepted by the Council and was withdrawn back in 2015.Still, member states have their own regulation when it comes to that topic. A comparison from late 2016 shows a great overview of the contrast between paternity and maternity leave.Maternity leave:Most countries do have mandatory maternity leave regulations with 60% of member states with obligatory prenatal maternity leave and 78% with obligatory postnatal leave for women.On top of the obligatory leave, an amount of weeks is allocated as optional and left to the mother to choose.The average total prenatal leave is 6,5 weeks, whereas the average postnatal is more than double, at 15 weeks.The compensation to the mother during her maternity leave varies, but is most often between 80% and 100% of her salary.The shortest total maternity leave is offered to mothers in Portugal with 10 weeks. The largest maternity leave is offered in Bulgaria, with a total of 58 weeks, at a 90% pay of the mother’s salary.In contrast to those generous numbers, paternity leave is quite stingy.Paternity leave:Provisions for prenatal leave for men are scarce.Germany, Luxembourg, Austria, Cyprus, The Czech Republic, Croatia and Slovakia have all failed to introduce additional paternity leave. (Parental leave, which can be taken by either parent is available in some, but it is not guaranteed to the father the same as the maternal leave is to the mother.)For the rest, the average paternity leave period is 2,5 weeks, as opposed to the 15 weeks of postnatal leave, guaranteed to women.Only 42% of European Union member states compensate men for paternity leave at 100% of their salary, as opposed to 52% for women.Asian countriesChina. The amount of weeks a men is allowed to take off depends on his municipality of registration for social security. In Shanghai a man can have up to a 10-day paternity leave if the mother is older than 23. In Shenzhen, the period is extended to 15 days, under the same condition. Generally, throughout China, a father is allocated up to 2 weeks of leave.Japan. The country is very generous towards fathers, allowing for 52 weeks of paternity leave. However, a phenomenon is being observed, where only about 2% take advantage of their right. According to one study on the subject, the reason could be that men do wish to exercise their right but are wrongly convinced other men will cast them off for it â€" that there is a ‘perceived group norm’ to reject that privilege.South Korea. The country, indexed very high for gender inequality, is experiencing a shift of values. Both men and women are allowed to spend 1 year off work and with their child before it turns 9 years old. Even though paternity leave is regulated from as early as 1995, only 8,5% of men took advantage of their right in 2016, and even with a big leap for 2017, it was still just 13.4% wh o exercised their right to take time off that year.Singapore. From as late as 2017, Singaporean fathers are allocated 2 weeks of paid paternity leave, at the cost of the government. There is the restriction, however, that the father must have worked for the past 3 months before childbirth, and if they are self-employed, they should be able to prove they have not received income during paternity leave.HOW TO ASK FOR PATERNITY LEAVE?It is important to keep a healthy balance between your responsibilities as a family man and as an employee.Find out the laws and company rules, applicable to youAs discussed in the previous chapter, the amount of time you can take off varies a lot depending on the country you reside in and the company you are employed in.Do your research, get on the Internet, consult social workers.Make sure you know what you qualify for.Discuss it with the motherDespite what your government and your employer can offer you, or how you feel like, taking paternity leave must be a family decision. Factor in everything:Who wants to take care of the child?Who is the bread-winner of the household?Who will have it easier to go back to work?Can you/should you take your leave consecutively or simultaneously?If regulations allow for parents to choose who takes an allocated amount of weeks for parental leave, who will take advantage?If regulations are too strict, come up with a plan who will take sick/vacation days and how much you have. Come up with a plan for child care afterwards.Speak to HROnce you know what you want, discuss it first with HR.You need to make sure you are in the best legal situation for your child’s sake.Whether you are taking paid or unpaid leave, your place in the company should be protected.Double check if your preliminary research was correct about the rules and regulationsAsk if you need to fill in some papers in advanceAsk if there is any company policy to request and inform about paternity leaveAsk what to look out for â€" have oth er colleagues in similar situations experienced hostility or any attempts at repercussions for their absenceCome up with a planYou must have a plan before you discuss your upcoming leave with your direct manager.Present to him or her:The length of your leaveThe regulation under which you are using itWho can take over your tasksHow you plan to train your colleagues to perform your responsibilitiesHow you will be available for emergenciesEstablish some red lines â€" ‘I will not be available after 8:00 PM’Be open to a discussion but do not allow yourself to be pushed over completely.Discuss your plans with your successorsTogether with your direct manager, discuss your plans with the colleagues that are supposed to take over your work.Be kind and grateful. You are putting a new weight on their shoulders that they did not ask for.Do not shy away from explaining yourself â€" do mention you are doing this for your child. You are not going on a vacation.Ask for questions and stay availa ble to give further details to your plan. Even though someone else will perform it temporarily, it is still your job and you want it done right.Accept suggestions but stay on top. You team wants to rearrange your allocation of tasks â€" that is perfect. Just ask them to keep you up to date for when you have to take back over.Be available for emergenciesMake sure you leave your contacts, and availability hours for your colleagues to get in touch if they have questions.Give indications â€" most important customers, tricky situations or red flags, where they would have to contact you immediately.Try to come back ready and refreshedTry to take the last 2 days of your paternity leave just to yourself, if the situation allows it. Or at least take it slow. Get some more sleep, do some sports, take a stroll or do some yoga â€" whatever works for you.You will have a lot on your head in your first days back. Your colleagues will be eager to load off any tasks and information you had delegated them. You need to be fresh and alert.Even in the most welcoming environments, you can count there will be pressure for you to hop back on the horse fast, as if you just came back from the spa.Be respectful of those who took over your jobChances are you might hear some complaining for the extra work you caused.Listen closely and be grateful. Say ‘Thank you!’. Get your team some good donuts even.Do not allow yourself to snap, sulk or even look too tired. Yes, you were gone for your family, but the first signs of you feeling entitled, and you will be attacked viciously.Protect and assert yourselfA lot of men reject their right to use up their paternity leave for fear of prosecution and being passed over for promotions, projects and opportunities, because of their prolonged time off. They fear they will no longer be seen as committed, dedicated, available and capable.Make sure in the first days of your coming back you explain to everyone you are giving yourself X number of days bef ore you snap back into shape. You need to make it crystal clear your focus shifted from your work to your family ONLY temporarily. And you are back for the long run. ‘Just as it was before’.PATERNITY LEAVE â€" THE EMPLOYERS SIDEFirst off, let’s go through some don’ts.Worst employers mistakes in response to paternity leave requestsUNDER ANY CIRCUMSTANCES DO NOT, WE REPEAT, DO NOT:Do not discourage your employee from leaving even if you need them â€" it is very bad for morale.Do not ask ‘How about your wife? Aren’t women supposed to take care of the kid?’Do not mislead the employee about the rules. You can easily slip into some nasty legal issues in this tricky subject.Do not bad-mouth your staff for ‘choosing the worst time to leave’.Do not bother the new dad with unnecessary information or questions when they are away.Do not burden them with unnecessary workload before or after their leave â€" they do not need to compensate for it.Do not treat your employee differe ntly because of the time off work they sacrificed to be with their family.DO: Make sure you know regulations.New fathers are often clueless or are doublechecking with multiple sources about any legalities concerning their new status as a parent.If you mislead them, intentionally or unintentionally, you might find yourself in legal trouble.DO: Be flexible.Listen to your employee and allow them to stay engaged with the work process if they want to, or shut down completely if they want to. You can make suggestions to their plan but do not be aggressive.DO: Be real.Do not shy away from explaining to your employee that their absence will put a strain on the team.Tell them you are supportive of their decision, but make sure you ask them to follow through with a strict plan so that their leave does not end up being detrimental to the team’s work.Offer your help to break the news and distribute tasks.DO: Look out for conflicts.Conflict resolution is amongst your main responsibilities as a manager.Caring for a child is generally considered an accepted value and therefore anyone who might have a problem with the new dad leaving, might keep it on the down low.That does not make it less toxic. It makes it more invisible.DO: Be fair.Not just to the new father, but to other team members. The absentee’s plan must include a strategy to go back to top shape after their leave.In return, explain to them that is the only way you can guarantee them fair treatment post-return.DO: Be the strongest link in the chain.Even if other team members are taking over the tasks, you are taking over the responsibility.You are ultimately liable for any mistake, challenge or success the team has to go through.Keep things under control.DO: Be supportive.Even if work is the most important focus for you, stay friendly.Do find the time before, during and after your employees leave of absence to ask them how the family is doing, and if they are finding their paternity leave to be a fulfilling expe rience.That should be the ultimate goal.CONCLUSIONWe have been conditioned to believe that participating in the workforce is the ultimate contribution to society that a man has to offer.With shifting values from gender-based societal organization towards gender equality, paternity leave is becoming better regulated and protected from governments and businesses.Still, there is definitely a stigma around men taking a leave of absence for the sake of their newborn, or when accepting a new child in the family thanks to an adoption.It is not an uncommon reality that governments need to catch up and bridge the gap between the needs of a people and the laws, providing for those needs.Until then it is up to individuals to recognize the benefits and follow the principles that will bring the ultimate wellbeing of their family.

The Incident Of Assessment Of The United States Of America

The incident in assessment is the March 29th 2013 Mayflower Oil spill that occurred in Mayflower, Arkanas, United States of America. The pipeline, named the Pegasus line, belonged to operator, ExxonMobil, transporting Canadian Wabasca heavy crude from Athabasca Oil sands when the pipeline failed (McGowan 2013). The Pegasus line a 20 inch line with a total length of 850 mines and carried approximately 95,000 barrels per day from Patoka, IL to Nederland, TX (ADEQ, 2013). The pipeline was designed with a distance of 18 miles between isolation valves and was buried approximately 24 inches where it ruptured (ADEQ, 2013). Figure 1: Oil Spill down residential street Figure 2: Oil Spill into cove of Conway It was estimated by Exxon that 5,000 barrels (210,000 gallons) of Wabasca heavy crude was spilled from the breach (Koon and Peacock 2013). Due to elevated Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) readings and due to the amount of oil present on the ground and in the street, 22 homes were evacuated. The heavy crude oil released made its way down a residential road, into a bar ditch, into an unnamed creek, and then into a stream to a cove of Lake Conway (Schwirtz 2012). Figure 1 and 2 are pictures of some of the affected areas and spillage into residential property. Figure 3: Aerial View of Lake Conway Local residents of Mayflower were forcefully to evacuate from their homes due to harmful chemicals in and around the neighbourhood as a result from the pipeline rapture. The oil hasShow MoreRelatedBackground Of An Authorised Firearms Officer1492 Words   |  6 Pages2008, p. 78) It is not a common occurrence for a weapon to be discharged in any firearms incident in England and Wales, for example if a firearm is discharged following an alert, over half the rounds fired are believed to miss their intended target and of those people hit by a round, more than half survive (Punch, 2011, p. 1). A similar situation also exists in the United States of America. 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Victims of Male Dominance in a Rose for Emily and the...

Victims of Male Dominance The trails and tribulations of life can cause a person to go down a road they could have never imagined. Some people are able to rise above the issues that come their way and while others become consumed by their problems. In a male dominated society, the issues of women are often pushed to the side and they are left to deal with them alone. Therefore, some women become abused by their thoughts and problems due to the fact that they do not have the ability to tackle them alone. It becomes an internal and external battle for the scorned woman to please herself, husband (or father) and the society at the same time. In the short stories, â€Å"A Rose for Emily† by William Faulkner and â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† by†¦show more content†¦She knew Homer was homosexual and still flaunted him throughout town like an accessory in trying to convince both herself and the townspeople she could move on from her father’s death. However, her relationship may have got into deep with Homer and she had to kill him to make sure he didn’t leave her side as her father did. After Emily kills Homer, â€Å"a window that has been dark was lightened and Miss Emily sat in it, the light behind her† (p.395). This image shows Emily has now become her father in a way and took dominance in her life by murdering someone else, which causes an internal self satisfaction. She keeps the corpse of Homer almost as the resemblance of a trophy for her work. Emily was wealthy woman who appeared to have it all however, she never accomplished close to anything in her life except for taking the life of Homer. The lost of her father signified the lost of herself, in an attempt to find herself emerged a dark character who became mentally and physically consumed by her pain that she was left to fight alone. In Charlotte Perkins Gillman’s, â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper†, the narrator immediately reveals the strain in her relationship with her husband. She describes her husband John as having â€Å"no patience with faith, an intense horror of superstition, and scoffs openly at any talk of things not to be felt and seen and put down in figures† (p.355). When women typically describe the man they marry there is sort of an admiration within theirShow MoreRelatedComparison between The Yellow Wallpaper and A Rose for Emily969 Words   |  4 Pagesstories, â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† by Charlotte Perkins Gilman and â€Å"A Rose for Emily† by William Faulkner, both female protagonists, experience a time of seclusion leading to self- realization. Hence, both of these pieces of literature illustrate the troubles of women in a male-dominated society. As a result, both characters experience oppression by overbearing male influences and are physical ly and emotionally isolated. â€Å"A Rose for Emily† and â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† take place inRead MoreA Deeper Look At William Faulkner s `` A Rose For Emily `` And Charlotte Perkins Gilman `` Yellow Wall Paper2163 Words   |  9 PagesA deeper look at William Faulkner’s â€Å"A Rose for Emily† and Charlotte Perkins Gilman â€Å"Yellow Wall Paper† shows that the authors illustrate the isolation, repression and confinement of women in a male dominated and sexist society during the nineteenth century. The stories show the enormous effect repression has on the emotional and mental health of the opposite sex. Naomi Nkealah states that in patriarchal cultures, power is vested in the hands of men and therefore women s needs are classed as secondary

Roger Sperry Free Essays

Born August 20, 1913, Roger W. Sperry, won the 1981 Nobel Prize in physiology and medicine. He shared it with two other scientists, Wiesel and Hubel, for research on the nervous system and brain. We will write a custom essay sample on Roger Sperry or any similar topic only for you Order Now They were praised for demonstrating the difference between the two hemispheres of the brain and special functions of the right brain. (Roger W. Sperry Biography (n.d.) A moderately controversial psycho biologist, Sperry changed the history of psychology. In 1935, Sperry attended an Introduction to Psychology class. His first page of notes reported two questions. One being, â€Å"Where does behavior come from?† and two, â€Å"What is the purpose of consciousness?† (Puente, A. 1995) His questions lead this intellectual giant into decades of research that would make a permanent impact on neuroscience, neuropsychology, psychology, philosophy, and society worldwide. (Puente, A. 1995) Born in Hartford, Connecticut, Sperry was a son of a banker and son of an Assistant to the Principle at a local High School. He had one brother named Russell, a year younger, who went into chemistry. At 10 years old, Sperry read a William James (1842-1910) publication that influenced his thoughts. At 11 years old, his father passed away, which left him mentally and emotional unfit for some time. As he attended high school, he played sports and was able to letter n the varsity athletics. Between high school and college he lettered three times in varsity athletics. He went on to graduate as an English Major in 1935, obtained a Masters in Psychology in 1937, then earned his Doctorate in Zoology 1941. In his professional career, Sperry held six different professional positions throughout his studies as a researcher and professor. He achieved near thirty-five different awards, honors, and scholarships in his lifetime. He also traveled all over the world to join in research studies. (Odelb erg, W. 1982) Sperry was a shy and reserved man. He married Norma, a fellow biologist in December 1949. Together they had a son and a daughter ten years apart. In his home life, he appeared as a family man as well as he loved collecting fossils, fishing, snorkeling, painting, sports, sculptures, ceramics, and dancing. In the first year of the Sperry’s marriage, Roger, during a routine chest x-ray showed evidence of tuberculosis. The couple were sent to New York for treatment. During treatment he began writing monumental concepts of â€Å"Mind and Brain†, (1952) where he began to describe, â€Å"Present day science is quite at a loss even to begin to describe the neural events involved in the simplest forms of mental activity†. (Sperry, R. W. 1952 p.311) His thoughts became a published article in 1952 titled â€Å"Neurology of mind and brain problems.† This was one of two hundred-ninety publications by Sperry. Experimental Studies Sperry is most famous for experimental studies of how brain circuits are formed and for research on mental activities after the connecting tracts between cerebral hemispheres have been cut. While working toward his doctorate, Sperry was in close association with biophysicist Paul Weiss. Weiss developed a surgery to analyze how connections between nerves and muscles are patterned in amphibian. This experiment showed regeneration of links from eye to brain, and brain to muscles after having one eye removed and one rotated 180 degrees. (Trevarthen, C. 2004) In 1950, Sperry took one eye and transferred the other eye to the opposite side of the head in a fish or newt, resulting in them going in circles or appearing to be chasing their tail. Sperry concluded there is an internal brain signal, helping both perception of self movement and the focus of perception while the world is in motion. (Trevarthen, C. 2004) In 1953, Sperry and graduate student, Ronald Myers, invented an operation in cats to cut the crossover of visual nerves, and lead the nerves to only one cerebral hemisphere. While leaving one hemisphere intact for the animal to function . They tried several versions of crossovers. Specific connections could transmit learning. This operation is the route of the term â€Å"split brain†. These experiments extended to monkeys. (Trevarthen, C. 2004) In 1960, Neurosurgeon Joseph Bogen and Sperry observed behavior of split brain monkeys outside test situations. Their observations indicated that the left hemisphere which is normally the dominant and learning side, was virtually unimpaired and offered promise of relief from debilitating epileptic fits. (Trevarthen, C. 2004) Epilepsy disturbs brain function and can cause injury, brain damage or death. In 1962, Bogen performed a total neocortical commissurotomy, also known as brain surgery on a man who suffered frequent epileptic attacks. Sperry was able to apply systematic psychological tests after the surgery. In 1965, researchers explored a small population of brain surgery patients. Once understanding the connections achieved, this step in human brain surgery reached into all areas of human mental life and excited immense public and scholarly interest. (Trevarthen, C. 2004) In 1964, Roger Sperry, in a conference to the Division of Biology at Caltech, presented his ideas on consciousness. For the first time in psychology’s history, Sperry was able to give his professional thesis on behavior and consciousness. Stating behavior is not only the culmination of complex interworking of neuronal patterning, but such patterning would give rise to consciousness. This consciousness would have causal effect on specific neuronal activity. (Puente, A. 1995) In laymen’s terms, our behavior affects our consciousness, and our consciousness affects our behavior. Giving an answer to questions he had asked himself nearly 30 years before. Summary Sperry continued his research until the end of his life. He received an APA Lifetime Achievement Award at the 101st convention of the American Psychological Association in August of 1993. Several extraordinary breakthroughs have been achieved from the dedication, research, and logic Sperry was able to share with his colleagues. He was able to give humans with neurological problems life rather than having to suffer. Roger W. Sperry died on April 17, 1994, in Pasadena, CA from neuromuscular degenerative disorder. References http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1981/sperry-autobio.html# http://www.faqs.org/health/bios/41/Roger-W-Sperry.html http://people.uncw.edu/puente/sperry/sperrypapers/50s/46-1952.pdf How to cite Roger Sperry, Essay examples

Corporate Business Communication Marketing Management

Question: Discuss about the Corporate Business Communication for Marketing Management. Answer: 1: Principles of consumer behavior Explanation of principle Examples on buyer behavior Cultural Based on cultural background, the values and perception for buying varies among consumers, sub cultural factors including shared values within group, common life experiences affect the buying behavior of people. Sub cultural groups often consider a brand more feasible than others in a market For example, recently, the ethnic cosmetics which have become popular are more suitable to non-Caucasian population as well as Arab, African or Indian population. On the other hand, another example related to the sub class division is, while buying anything, urban educated or upper class people exhibits individualism, while the Indian culture shows collective nature of buying (Argenti 2012). Social Social factors influence consumers buying behavior which are groups, family and consumers social role and status. Education, wealth, occupation and income status decides the social class of people which promotes the buying behavior of consumers One exam1ple for social factors influencing buying behavior is, consumer from the middle and upper class attempt to purchase more healthy and balanced food than consumers belonging from lower social class. It can be due to awareness or economic factors. Another example of social factor influencing buying behavior is, an upper class consumer always tend to be attracted to products or services with better quality, features, innovation or social benefits, whereas, in contrast, consumers from lower social backgrounds are more concern with product price (Khang and Ye 2012). Personal Personal factors including age and family life cycle stage influences economic situation and occupation influence personality and self-concept which influence buying behavior People have personal values and beliefs which promote buying behavior. Based on age , people changes the buying behavior. For example, at the young age, people like to buy fast food and high fat food without hesitating, however, at the middle age of life, people prefers low cholesterol food (Castronovo and Huang 2012). Lifestyle of the family also affects buying behavior. A middle class Indian family would not buy alcoholic beverages as frequently as family in UK. Psychological Psychological principle depicts that psychological factors including motivation, perception, beliefs, learning and attitude has an huge impact upon buying behavior Sometimes, the psychological factors enhance promote the superiority of a brand after receiving a good service for one time, for example, many women prefer the brand Lakme and purchase products without having a second thought. On the other hand, the psychological factors promote the attention of consumers in accordance to their current needs, for example, people wishing to buy a car would pay more attention to a care advertisement, in spite of a computer advertisement (Rice and Atkin 2012). Situational The situational factors including availability of the product, location of store, weather of particular day and timing of the purchase influence the consumer buying behavior. Situational factors like weather can promote buying behavior. A person would wish to have a burger in a sunny day rather than a rainy day. Timing is another major factor. If a consumer have less time, he would prefer online brand rather than visiting to a store 2: Marketing communication options Explanation Advertising The main feature of this communication option is to increase awareness of a brand which is the major aspect in marketing The advertise should be very transparent and clear towards its objective and oriented to the target audience. Therefore, it will help to measure the effectiveness of the product or service which is being advertised (Yeshin 2012). Packaging The package text message is very important in marketing communication It provides the information about product, production, company and others important information and this information must be conveyed to buyers. The graphics design of packaging also helps to attract more buyers Personal selling Personal selling is best way to enhance positive relationship with buyer which also helps to gain a good brand name The interactive method of personal selling promotes two-way communication which helps to improve the business by incorporating buyers special requirements publicity The purpose of publicity is to gather attention of consumers towards a company or products in spite of paying the media In addition to its cost effectiveness, the publicity is more credible in comparison to advertising Sales promotion Sales promotion is done for influencing people to purchase product/service, mostly these kinds of sales promotions are targeted to short-term benefits However, consumers are not always seen to remain loyal to the products who has been attracted to the product or service through the sales promotion (Castronovo and Huang 2012) 3: Media vehicles Explanation of vehicle advantage limitation Television Television is characterized as the broadcast vehicle which is used for targeting mass audience with low cost/target (Rice and Atkin 2012). When small businesses are unable to afford to national network, they can use local networks of television for marketing purpose It lacks excessive detail-sharing and time duration is low Direct mail It can be used for both short and broad message transduction Can be send to targeted audience Take more time and cost will be more than mass media vehicles Website It is a mass media vehicle which helps in grabbing consumers attention by providing basic information about products or services Provide the opportunity for both mass and interpersonal communication Cannot target a specific audience group Email It is the narrowcast media vehicle Take less time and provides low cost advertising options Hacking or spamming information Radio It is also broadcast and traditional media vehicle targeted for wide range of audiences (Yeshin 2012) Beneficial for small businesses Can only advertise to local network Telemarketing It is direct marketing vehicle where sales person communicate with consumers over call or web conferencing Direct communication is facilitated Takes more time and cost Transit media It is a print vehicle of media which are accessible to people compared to other vehicles More accessible and used in targeting mass media Expensive in comparison to the other media vehicle options (Khang and Ye 2012) 4: Legislation Explanation 1. Australian consumer law (ACL) Australian consumer law helps to avoid any kinds of unfair practices in business, it helps to reduce misleading or deceptive conduct, false representation, promote marketers to provide standard information (Legislation.gov.au 2016). 2. Spam act 2003 It inhibits unsolicited e mails sending to any consumers or people linked to the business which is known as spam with an Australian link. 3. Telecommunication act 1997 It regulates the activities in telecommunication industry and guide to have their carrier license. It also deals with industry standards and codes development in any particular industry (Legislation.gov.au 2016). 4. Privacy act 1988 Privacy act 1988 deals with privacy in the rights of consumers, marketers and all other people who are related to the business. The privacy rights are known as information privacy principles which are applied to the Australian government and Australian capital territory agencies and private sectors. The principles related to the law direct the way of personal information collection by the government agencies from the business organizations (Legislation.gov.au 2016). 5. Freedom of Information Act 1982 The freedom of information act 1982 provides the business participants the public rights for accessing official documents of their related agencies. This act promotes marketers to share information with the shareholders and other members from the government agencies (Legislation.gov.au 2016). Reference List Argenti, P., 2012.Corporate communication. London. McGraw-Hill Higher Education. Castronovo, C. and Huang, L., 2012. Social media in an alternative marketing communication model.Journal of Marketing Development and Competitiveness,6(1), p.117. Khang, H., Ki, E.J. and Ye, L., 2012. Social media research in advertising, communication, marketing, and public relations, 19972010.Journalism Mass Communication Quarterly,89(2), pp.279-298. Legislation.gov.au, 2016. Federal Register of Legislation. [online] Legislation.gov.au. Available at: https://www.legislation.gov.au/ [Accessed 24 May 2016]. Rice, R.E. and Atkin, C.K., 2012.Public communication campaigns. London. Sage. Yeshin, T., 2012.Integrated marketing communications. Abington. Routledge.

Explanation of Nuremberg Defense

Everlasting Importance of Myths in the Lives of Mortals.

Everlasting Importance of Myths in the Lives of Mortals. Inside every person burns the curiosity of where they come from and how they come to exist on the earth. Myths explore insights of human questions and gather many possible answers. From the way of living to the investigation of a society's roots, stories, such as The Epic of Gilgamesh and the Greek Creation Myth, subsist for all to enjoy. In The Epic of Gilgamesh, the hero searches for immorality by taking on a series of conflicts to prove himself. The Greek Creation Story explains the assembly of the world, human beings, and evils faced in daily life. Myths present an importance to every person, giving them a sense of where they come from and explanation to their questions of life.Everlasting Importance of Myths in the Lives of MortalsInside every person burns the curiosity of where they come from and how they come to exist on the earth.EnkiduMyths explore insights of human questions and gather many possible answers. From the way of living to the investigation of a society's roots, stories, such as The Epic of Gilgamesh and the Greek Creation Myth, subsist for all to enjoy. In The Epic of Gilgamesh, the hero searches for immorality by taking on a series of conflicts to prove himself. The Greek Creation Story explains the assembly of the world, human beings, and evils faced in daily life. Myths present an importance to every person, giving them a sense of where they come from and explanation to their questions of life.Gilgamesh, two-third god and one-third man, uses his majestic power to dictate his people in The Epic of Gilgamesh. To overthrow this unruly tyrant, the gods create Enkidu to equal him in strength. Ultimately the two quickly cease their conflicts and confirm their friendship...

Consider the role of the hero in a Sixteenth-Century work and a Essay

Consider the role of the hero in a Sixteenth-Century work and a Seventeenth-Century work (16th and 17th Century English Literature) - Essay Example Britomart, the central character Book III of in Spencer’s â€Å"Faerie Queen† is assigned with the role of a sophisticated representative of the Elizabethan patriarchal society, the eponymous heroine in the â€Å"Duchess of Malfi† appears to be the projection of a freewill feminine zeal against the patriarchal authority of the Jacobean Era (Roider). Though the texts deal with the patriarchal zeal of the authors’ societies, their central characters reflect these patriarchies in opposite fashions. While the silhouette of Britomart’s character is determined by the author’s conformation with the existing patriarchal structure of the society, the heroine in â€Å"Duchess of Malfi† appears to be in conflict with her society. On the surface level, Britomart’s quest for the Queen seems to glorify the position of women in Elizabethan society. But if she is examined from a more critical perspective, she appears to be a perfect patriarchal heroine who, though, is free of the negative chauvinistic view of the society. The gender constructs of both of the Elizabethan and Jacobean societies appears to be the same and to be the typical features of a patriarchal society. But the compliance levels of the two heroines with the expectations of patriarchy from the â€Å"inferior sex† differ from each other. In his analysis of the social constructs, Adam Polgar refers to the fact that Britomart’s characters is laden with what the Elizabethan expects from a woman. She is not only the warrior lady in concrete sense, but also a moral warrior who fights for her chastity, the moral expectation of her society. He more likely views Britomart’s quest for her future husband as her effort to save her chastity and loyalty to her future husband. Therefore she appears to be the perfect heroine for the Elizabethan readers. According to him Britomart’s armor that symbolizes her chastity, is the social construct of her gender and she complies with this

Teens and Plastic Surgery Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Teens and Plastic Surgery - Research Paper Example If they have a scar on their face, a birthmark, a mole, or something like that which they do not want to have, they decide to get a plastic surgery. But the idea that lies behind is the only one, and that is to change the way they look like because they are unhappy and want to get appreciated by their friends. Thus, the main causes why teens go for plastic surgery are pessimistic self-evaluation and mental displeasure or frustration (Nichols and Good 153). The trend is also increasing since it was 306,000 teens getting it in 2000 and in 2005, the number was 333,000 (Masui). History The history of plastic surgery began during the World War II. Mass destruction caused by modern weapons caused huge deformities in people and thus the demand for treatments also increased. People wanted their deformed facial and body features to be reconstructed, and thus the idea of plastic surgery flourished extensively. â€Å"Shattered jaws, blown-off noses and lips and gaping skull wounds caused by mo dern weapons required innovative restorative procedures† (â€Å"Plastic Surgery NYC Surgeon Cosmetic Breast†). Hence, best plastic surgeons were hired to reshape the body parts of soldiers during WW II. This was the start. The decade of 1960s brought with it some of the most sophisticated and modern procedures and equipment which filled in the people the desire to get plastic surgery. Now, where elders go for it to reconstruct or reshape their features, youngsters are also interested in the cosmetic advantages of plastic surgery. Types of Plastic Surgery Popular in Teens Teens usually go for the reshaping of their noses, lips and ears. Rhinoplasty is the reconstruction of nose; otoplasty is the procedure in which stuck out ears are tucked in; and, hyperhydrosis is the process that reduces excessive sweating. All of these procedures are very popular among teens. Laser hair removal, chin augmentation, and acne scar treatment (dermabrasion) is also done. Breast uplifting, breast implants, breast enhancement, and breast reduction, are popular in female teens. Another famous concept is liposuction which is a body contouring procedure that washes away fat from the body so that obesity is countered. The number of teens getting liposuction rose from 60,000 in 1997 to 225,000 in 2003; the number of teens getting microdermabrasion was more than 21,000 in 2000; those getting nose jobs were more than 15,000; and more than 12,000 underwent otoplasty, as shown in an eight year research (Mann). Researchers also suggest that plastic surgery is not found to improve the overall quality of life of a teen. Effects of Plastic Surgery Teen cosmetic surgery has been found to have many side effects. Since, there are few valid reasons behind teens getting plastic surgery, thus there are less emotional considerations to it and the complaint is more likely to be consistent. The surgery may leave marks and the pain in the operated area lasts forever. Also, teens who get plas tic surgery get stereotyped and are looked down upon by their peers. Finances The cost of all plastic surgeries is substantially high (Alagna 8, para.4) and for teens, it is not very much affordable. Otoplasty costs $3200-$6000; in UK, the nose job costs $5000-$6000; breast lift costs $5000-$6000; chin implant costs $3000-$4500; and, liposuction (1 area) costs $2500-$4500. However,

Importance of Communication Skills Essay

Importance of Communication Skills Essay Communication is very important for all beings. Animals and humans, alike, use their own separate languages to communicate with one another, because no one can survive without communicating. Communication skills are a part of the spoken and written language. These are the extra factors, which complete a communication process. Communication refers to the exchange of thoughts and ideas with the intention of conveying information. Communication is a two way street that includes vocalization as well as gesticulation. The purpose of communication is to convey ones beliefs, ideas, thoughts or needs with clarity so as to reach a consensus or a mutually acceptable solution. The importance of communication skills cannot be underestimated. It has been known, that long before when language was yet to be invented, people used hand gestures, body language etc to converse with one another. Good communication skills are necessary in all walks of life. The lack of effective communication skills has a negative impact on the personal as well as professional life of a person. Good communication skills are a prerequisite for professionals, in all walks of life. For example: Ineffective communication, rather than incompetence, precludes the doctor from conveying to the patient that the former has the best interests of the patient in mind. For instance, a doctor may be knowledgeable and may have considerable expertise in his area of work. However, a patient may feel neglected or ignored if the doctor is not particularly good at communicating. The disillusioned patient may also consider getting a second opinion. A simple miscommunication, especially when a one is ill, makes one feel awful. A good health care provider, who is able to put patients at ease with a few comforting gestures and words, will definitely be an asset to any hospital. A teacher, who is able to communicate well with students, can inspire them to learn and participate in class. Workplace communication can be improved by participating in a facilitated workshop. A workshop facilitator needs to be able to communicate. Without effective communication, even the goal of workshop facilitation cannot be realized. The facilitator needs to be able to identity dormant participants and encourage them to come forth with their views without seeming overly patronizing. All this is impossible unless the facilitator has astounding communication abilities coupled with a natural empathy towards fellow beings. Good communication skills are an invaluable asset to a sales person also, since he/she is entrusted with the task of convincing the prospective buyer about the wisdom of investing in a product. This is done by assessing the needs of the buyer and suggesting a product that would meet the buyers requirements. The product may offer a vast array of easy to use features that would definitely help in improving the quality of life of the user. Who is better to convince the buyer, about the multitude of features that the product has to offer, than a salesperson with a flair for words! While the importance of verbal communication cannot be underestimated, one cannot do away or ignore written communication. A simple billboard, carrying a well written message, manages to hold our attention at a crossing. Authors have been mesmerizing voracious readers by the power of their words. The enthralled reader flips through the pages, reading well into the night, without giving much thought to the mode of communication. The above examples would have clearly illustrated the importance of communication skills. Communication does not refer only to articulating words. Using sign language and the sense of touch to express and feel are also important modes of communication. Ultimately, communication should be effective. As long as there is clarity in communication, the goal of communication will be accomplished. There are several ways, through which a person, can enhance their communication skills. And people require these extra methods, to grow and improve their existing language. Some techniques are that, People can attend workshops, or they can read about the topic. Certain authors have come up with self help books, which make the task of understanding the concept very simple. And people, can practice, skills like writing etc. This will allow them to improve their written language and communication skills. Communication skills are a required for maintaining relationships also. When with friends and relatives, good communication skills are needed to avoid confusion, miss-communication and fights etc So, effective communication skills are very important, for sustaining in the society. Most people judge another person on the basis of his/her body language and form an opinion based on their perception. Hence, effective communication skills are as important to humans as, growling is to a dog, to communicate and express himself. What the spoken language fails to express ,that is easily expressed with certain hand and facial gestures. IMPORTANCE OF COMMUNICATION SKILLS If all my possessions were taken from me with one exception, I would hope to keep my power of communication for by it I would regain all the rest. Woody Allen WHAT IS COMMUNICATION Communication is the method by which people share their ideas, information, opinions and feelings. People sharing ideas, information, opinions and feelings may contribute to the operations of teams and the work of individuals. Communication is a two-way activity between two or more people. There are various modes of communication, some of which are used more commonly in some workplaces than others. Transfer of information and knowledge from source to receiver. Its the process by which the sender/ source reaches the receiver/ destination with thoughts, ideas, feelings, facts values. Successful communication is said to be accomplished when the receiver not only receives the message but also accept, interpret and use it in the manner intended by the source Communication is the art of transmitting information, ideas and attitudes from one person to another. Communication is the process of meaningful interaction among human beings. ITS ESSENCES: PERSONAL PROCESS OCCURS BETWEEN PEOPLE INVOLVES CHANGE IN BEHAVIOUR MEANS TO INFLUENCE OTHERS EXPRESSION OF THOUGHTS AND EMOTIONS THROUGH WORDS AND ACTIONS. TOOLS FOR CONTROLLING AND MOTIVATING PEOPLE. IT IS A SOCIAL AND EMOTIONAL PROCESS Communication is the most important way of expressing any feeling towards any person or thing. There are various forms of verbal and non verbal communication. Human evolved in life through communicating his thinking and understanding others point of view. Communication help people relate, interact, understand, believe and get connected to others. Globalization is also a result of communication. Communication is required everywhere, be it business, personal life, entertainment or for knowledge. Communication can be a one way or a two way process, depending on the way people react. For instance, some times while a teacher is trying to interact with the students, students dont respond, therefore, although it was to be a two way communication it has became a one way communication process. Communication as already talked about helps in gaining knowledge, interacting with other communities, and provides entertainment. The various forms of entertainment through communication are: novels, newspapers, bulletins, online interactions, watching TV, talk shows, etc. According to me the best way of communication is reading, this helps you gain knowledge, helps you invest your time with yourself and is also a means of entertainment. If a person wants to gain knowledge then he can approach to some biographies, or newspapers or magazines. This will help the person know the world around him in a better manner. For some more people who want both can go for fiction or again biographies as in a biography you try to live the life of another person which will for sure provide you the insight and entertain you for time being. In recent days I was reading a few short stories of Manto  [1]  , who has written them in order to give his point of view and his experiences at the time of Indo-Pakistan partition. His stories informed me a lot about the kind of people living in India, their mindset and their liking and disliking. I was to some extend able to relate to all those stories. One of the most terrific story was The Assignment it is a story about a Muslim boy who comes to a Hindu family to give them a pack of sweets as his father has asked him to do so on the eve of some Hindu festival. The Hindu family is very afraid of the man but finally allows him in. the boy give the pack of sweets to them and goes away, and after him comes a huge crowd which burn this family to a crisp. There was another short story about the people in army, at the point of partition they were asked to go to the country according to their religions, some did but others did not. In this chaos were two real brothers one remained in India and the other went to Pakistan. After a few years a war broke between the two countries and both these brothers were standing in front of each other, giving the order for the battle. One of the brother died on the spot, and the other dig his grave, there it self and carried on with his work. These kinds of stories help you understand what the scenario of the people was at that point in time. According to me, reading helps one gain imaginations power and it is a self depended thing, for watching TV its a must that some good thing is coming on it, and you do need electricity. Communication is the articulation of sending a message through different media, whether it be verbal or nonverbal, so long as a being transmits a thought provoking idea, gesture, action, etc. Communication is a learned skill. Most babies are born with the physical ability to make sounds, but must learn to speak and communicate effectively. Speaking, listening, and our ability to understand verbal and nonverbal meanings are skills we develop in various ways. We learn basic communication skills by observing other people and modeling our behaviors based on what we see. We also are taught some communication skills directly through education, and by practicing those skills and having them evaluate COMMUNICATION OCCURS BETWEEN HUMANS THROUGH: SPEECH Evolution of the brain differentiated humans from animals, as among other things it allowed humans to master a very efficient form of communication speech. SYMBOLS The imperfection of speech, which nonetheless allowed easier dissemination of ideas and stimulated inventions, eventually resulted in the creation of new forms of communications, improving both the range at which people could communicate and the longevity of the information. All of those inventions were based on the key concept of the symbol: a conventional representation of a concept. CAVE PAINTINGS The oldest known symbols created with the purpose of communication through time are the cave paintings, a form of rock art, dating to the Upper Paleolithic. Just as the small child first learns to draw before it masters more complex forms of communication, so homo sapiens first attempts at passing information through time took the form of paintings. PICTOGRAMS A pictogram (pictograph) is a symbol representing a concept, object, activity, place or event by illustration. Pictography is a form of proto-writing whereby ideas are transmitted through drawing. IDEOGRAMS Pictograms, in turn, evolved into ideograms, graphical symbols that represent an idea. Their ancestors, the pictograms, could represent only something resembling their form: therefore a pictogram of a circle could represent a sun, but not concepts like heat, light, day or Great God of the Sun. Ideograms, on the other hand, could convey more abstract concepts, so that for example an ideogram of two sticks can mean not only legs but also a verb to walk. WRITING The oldest-known forms of writing were primarily logographic in nature, based on pictographic and ideographic elements. Most writing systems can be broadly divided into three categories: logographic, syllabic and alphabetic (or segmental); however, all three may be found in any given writing system in varying proportions, often making it difficult to categorise a system uniquely. Communication can often be improved by identifying the appropriate media. Written, verbal or electronic methods, while impersonal, are fast and can be effective. Meetings, interviews and video conferencing require personal, face to face communication and thus interpersonal skills. Telephone and public address systems should be used only where personal communication methods are difficult. Written communication is very often the most suitable and clearest means of communication and can take many forms: memoranda; occasional or annual reports (fundamental in communicating accounting information); forms; notices; house journals and other forms of standard documentation such as rules and procedures, manuals and job descriptions. Visual communication is a powerful communication media and is often overlooked. Charts, slides, videos or films provide an immediate and clear message. Electronic means of communication are increasingly becoming more relevant. Document imaging, telex, fax, the Internet and e-mail are instantaneous and provide clear and fast communication possibilities. The type of communication and the medium used will depend to a greater or lesser extent on organizational structure. This will in turn be a function of the product or service and its environment. There are many forms of communication within an organization, formal and informal. Generally, in formal organizations information flows through quite clear channels and in defined directions. Traditionally, the direction of the three main information flows is downward, upward and lateral. CONCLUSION Good communication is as stimulating as black coffee, and just as hard to sleep after. The colossal misunderstanding of our times is the assumption that insight will work with people who are unmotivated to change. Communication does not depend on syntax, or eloquence, or rhetoric, or articulation; but on the emotional context in which the message is being heard. People can only hear you when they are moving toward you, and they are not likely to when your words are pursuing them. Even the choicest words lose their power when they are used to overpower. Attitudes are the real figures of speech. Some proverbs When people talk, listen completely. Most people never listen The problem with communication is the illusion that is has been accomplished. The right to be heard does not automatically include the right to be taken seriously. Communication works for those who work at it. John Powell

Discuss the relationship between characterization and the audience’s response in Shakespeare’s play “A Midsummer Night’s Dream”

The relationship between characterisation and the audience’s response in Shakespeare’s play â€Å"A Midsummer Night’s Dream† is evident throughout the whole play. There is a main emphasis on dramatic irony, juxtaposition, the confusion between the characters, the characters talking directly to the audience and having a play with in a play. Shakespeare relies heavily on dramatic irony throughout his play. Dramatic irony is a technique that is used to help maintain the audience’s interest in the play and the confusion between characters. It is a way of getting the audience involved as they know more than the characters themselves. An example of this is evident in Act 3, scene 1, when Bottom’s head is transformed into that of an ass’s. Bottom has no idea about what happened but the audience and the other characters are aware of this. The other characters run away in fear when they see Bottom, Bottom is annoyed and the audience laugh. There are many characters in ‘A midsummer Night’s Dream’ but there are three main groups; the Athenian Court, the mechanicals and the fairies. Shakespeare is using the technique of juxtaposition. In the court the language is in verse. It is formal and stately. â€Å"Now fair Hippolyta, our nuptial hour draws on a pace. † The audience see the formality of the court. The lovers speak in poetry but it is not as formal. It is emotional â€Å"Call me fair? That fair again unsay. † This shows that all the characters are sophisticated and civilised. The Mechanicals speak in prose. There by identifying themselves to the audiences as rude labourers and so contrasting them with the world of the court and lovers. It is also a form of crude comedy. It is clear from the start that Bottom is boorish, pushy and he seeks to lead the group. This is shown in act 1, scene 2 â€Å" first good Peter Quince, say what the play treats on, then read the names of the actors, and so grow a point. †. Puck talks directly to the audience. He speaks in verse â€Å"If we shadows have offended, think of this and all is mended†. Although Puck is not the main character Shakespeare uses him to link the fairy world to the real world. The audience also like Puck which makes them listen more intently to the play. It would be fair to say that without Puck this play would not succeed. Bottom also talks directly to the audience when is head becomes that of an ass’. The audience become an integral part of the play and they know what bottom is thinking. One technique that Shakespeare uses to break up the play is the use of a play within a play; this is most obvious when the mechanicals perform ‘Pyramus and Thisbe’. This is done to maintain the audiences’ interest. It also provides comic relief. Overall, ‘A Midsummer Night’s Dream’ is a telling and very intriguing play that includes the audience and provides comic relief.

Diversity in the Workplace and Implications Essay

Diversity in the Workplace: Implication for Human Resource Development – Paper Week 3 A brief description of the event and the work environment the discrimination occurred (Omit identifying demographic information and use fictitious names as needed). True event: When I was a younger man back in 1973 or 74, I was out in (Royal Oak) near the (Detroit Zoo). I cannot remember the reason I went out there more than likely just joy riding, I use to do a lot of that when I was younger since the age of 18, and mostly I have driven new cars all my adult life. I saw a sign for a delicatessen that offered corn beef sandwiches among others; so I stopped, and went in to buy a sandwich. When I entered there were people already in line placing and receiving their orders and more people came in after me; you did not need to have a number for your turn to place an order. The order taker or waitress a (white female), was doing a good job of calling the correct person for their orders until my tu rn was up. When my turn came the order taker asked someone for their order that I felt entered after I did, but I saw not sure. Anyway after this person made their order (MY turn), wrong; she asked someone else could she help them, but what she did not know was that me and this person had short small talk while waiting our turn. Instead of stepping up to place an order, this person said; I think gentlemen is suppose next, the order taker said (oh sorry), and asked me (what do you want)! I looked at her and said not a thing from this place, and turned and walked out. As I left I could hear a few people telling her about manners and he was just another customer regardless. Oh did I mention that I was the only person of color in the delicatessen. I was not embarrassed, but angry as a (**********). Federal and state legislation that supports fair workplace practices: The Department of Labor (DOL), enforces more than 180 federal laws. These mandates and regulations that implement them covers workplace activities for 10 million employers and 125 million  workers. The following is a brief description of (DOL’s) statutes which are most applicable to businesses, job seekers, workers, retirees, contractors and grantees. This brief summary of major labor laws and not to offer a detailed explanation. For authoritative information and references to fuller descriptions on these laws, you should consult the statutes and regulations themselves. (Employment Laws Assistance) provides a list of U.S. Department of Labor laws and regulations with links. The DOL compliance assistance Web site offers complete information about how to comply with federal employment laws. Rulemaking and regulations provide brief descriptions of links to various sources of information on DOL’s rulemaking activities and regulations. The Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA) describes standards for wages and overtime pay that affect private an d public employment. This act is administered by the Wage and Hour Division. It requires employers to pay covered employees who are not otherwise exempt, the federal minimum wage and overtime pay of one-and-one-half-times the regular rate of pay. For nonagricultural operations, it cuts the hours that children under age 16 can work and forbids the employment of children under age 18 in jobs deemed too dangerous. For agricultural operations, the law prohibits the employment of children under age 16 during school hours and in certain jobs deemed too dangerous. The Wage and Hour Division also enforces labor standards provisions of the Immigration and Nationality Act (INA) that apply to aliens authorized to work in the U.S. under certain nonimmigrant visa programs (H-1B, H-1B1, H-1C, H2A). (Labor, U. D. (2015). The responsibilities of human resource managers and their implications concerning race, culture, age, gender, sexual orientation, spiritual or religious beliefs, and disabilities: The (Human Resource M anager) must have the ability to meet the needs of the changes within an organization. Organizations are becoming more successful, adaptable, and resilient, can quickly change directions, and customer centered. In this environment, the human resource professional must learn how to manage organizing, leadership and controlling of human resources, and have knowledge of emerging trends in ways of training and employee development. Dimensions of workplace diversity includes age, ethnicity, ancestry, gender, physical abilities, qualities, race, sexual orientation, educational background, geographic location, income, marital status, military experience, religious beliefs, parental status, and work  experience. (Chan Dr., A. (2015). How risk management strategies support equity within the workplace: Diversity and equality in the workplace is more than a business. It is imperative for a good solution to decades of race, gender, age, religious and sexual orientation discrimination. Having diversity that respect people from different backgrounds helps businesses produce a better product, makes new markets, and work with larger list of customers. Promoting principles means adopting diversity in all practice approaches. This means that diversity must be considered at each level, and in each policy from the management approach, hiring, and promoting, to new business development. (Ogunjimi, A. (1999-2015). Why issues of diversity within the workplace are paramount for human service workers and for management of human service organizations: Discussing the issues of the advantages and disadvantages of workplace diversity is not only difficult, but sometimes could be a situation in the workplace that is wished to go away rather than address the issue. There are times when discussing topics that include diversity and cultural differences lead to debating issues concerning stereotypes, generalizations, unfair workloads, and presumptions about particular cultures, religio ns, races and other issues of a diverse group of people. Broaching the subject of diversity can become an issue; however must issues can be done with candor, sensitivity, honesty and respect boundaries set for the discussion, this challenge can be easily resolved. You may need an experienced coach or human resources leader to facilitate the discussion, or may even require the services of a diversity expert. (Mayhew, R. (2015). How this experience or observation may influence issues of diversity within your dream organization for Week Five’s Learning Team Presentation: Issues of diversity and my experience or observation within our dream organization for Week Five’s Learning Team Presentation is mind boggling. First of all the diversity within the team and dealing with issues is stressful, but it has made me more determined to do the best I can to help our team by doing my part. I also feel that (Week Five’s Learning Team Presentation) for team B, will go smoothly. How this would apply to the development and management aspects of human resources: Human resource management incorporates everyone and everything that concerns the organization, and someone with a degree in human services can work as a manager in a personnel department. Human resources and development are more  specific. It focus is on improvement of personnel through training, selection, and other methods. The goals of human resource development personnel are worthwhile for improving organizational productivity. The goals of human resource management are more general and sometimes unclear. However, many employers are impressed if you have any type of management degree, especially if you want a higher level or higher paying job. (LAawMedMBA, L. (2009). References Chan Dr., A. (2015). The Challenges of Human Resource Management. Retrieved from http://www.zeromillion.com LAawMedMBA, L. (2009). What is the difference between human resource Development and human resource management. Retrieved from http://answers.yahoo.com Labor, U. D. (2015). Summary of the Major Laws of the Department of Labor. Retrieved from http://www.dol.gov Mayhew, R. (2015). Major Issues to Consider for Workplace Diversity. Retrieved from http://smallbusiness.chron.com Ogunjimi, A. (1999-2015). Strategies Promoting Equality & Diversity in the Workplace. Retrieved from http://www.ehow.com

Impact Of Enlightenment Ideas On The French Revolution

How Enlightenment Ideas Impacted the French Revolution? Towards the end of the 18th century, almost all of Europe had gone through a period called the Enlightenment. Enlightenment thinkers, and philosophers, promoted reason and human freedom over tradition and religion. France had one of the bloodiest Enlightenment periods in history because they used the ideas of John Lockes Natural Rights, Jean-Jacques Rousseau’s Social Contract, and Voltaire (Franà §ois-Marie Arouet) teaching of Freedom of Speech and morphed it into the French Revolution. In 1762, a Francophone Genevan philosopher and writer, Jean-Jacques Rousseau, wrote a book called, â€Å"Social Contract†. In his book, he wrote about an official agreement signed by the leader†¦show more content†¦In 1759, Franà §ois-Marie Arouet (Voltaire), a political satirist and French writer, wrote a book called, â€Å"Candide† which inspired the Storming of the Bastille. The Storming of the Bastille occurr ed in Bastille, Paris, France, on 14 July 1789. The fortress, armory, and prison known as the Bastille, symbolized King Louis XIV failed to rule over its people that also held political prisoners. The Candide by Voltaire explained the idea of freedom of speech in a love story, explaining it through his characters Candide and Cunà ©gonde: â€Å"I may not agree with what you say, but I will defend to the death your right to say it† (Document 6). This represents the Storming of the Bastille because when the French citizens formed a mod and went searching for Gunpowder and stormed the Bastille, around 100 people died but still defended their purpose of the French Government. They used Voltaires line by, â€Å"I will defend to the death your right to say it,† and applied it to their life to rebel against the government of France. In 1689, John Locke, an English philosopher, and physician wrote a book called, â€Å"The Two Treatises of Government† inspired many count ries to go through a period of Enlightenment with his idea of Natural Rights. Natural Rights helped cause the French Revolution by drafting a document called, The Declaration of the Rights of Man and of theShow MoreRelatedTo What Extent Was The Enlightenment The Main Driving Force Behind The American And French Revolutions?1479 Words   |  6 Pagesfocuses on the causes of Atlantic Revolutions and will explore the question: To what extent was the Enlightenment the main driving force behind the American and French Revolutions? 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