History and Imagination in Daniel's Richter's Facing East from Italian Essay

History and Imagination in Daniel's Richter's Facing East from Italian Country - Essay Example The book surpasses the narrow confinements of the academic study and depicts the Eastern and Western perspective of historical developments in early Native America from an instrumentalist point of view. Richter’s study also centres on the creation of histories and their construction as part of a transcontinental discourse. In the words of the author, the main purpose of the book is to â€Å"hear Native voices when they emerge from the surviving documents, to capture something about how the past might have been if we could observe it from Indian country† (9). In the following chapters, Richter achieves his purpose. History is personified and imagined through the accounts of the Native Americans. Organized in six chapters, the study reveals the evolution of the relations between the settlers and the Native Americans. The structure successfully captures the psychology behind this evolution and chronologically depicts its stages. Initially the image of the settlers is imagi ned by the Native people, as a distant, non-tangible world. Richter describes the materialization of this world and the gradual establishment of social dynamics, which Indians and settlers shared. The natives started to make use of the new tools and guns in order to improve their crafts, and as a result commerce began to prosper. Also, the redistribution of economic resources is a result of the innovation brought by the settlers (52-80). What makes Richter’s method interesting and authentic is its ‘double’ (his)tory-telling. He accounts for the perspective of the Westerners, as well as the perspective of the Native people, whose historical articulation of the same occurrences has been different. A good example is the story of Pokahontas in Chapter 3, where the opposing interpretations of the Natives and the settlers are discussed (Richter 69-110). In the final chapters Richter observes the tensions between the Natives and the settlers, which have been accumulated in two separate historic creations – the world of the Indians and the world of the settlers. The most challenging concepts of the book are presented probably in the last chapter, which describes the clash between the Indian and the White ethnic identities. The Indian identity exists as an oppositional element in a world, already dominated by the settlers. In this sense Richter’s observation offers a historically sensitive and instrumentalist reading of one of the most disputed passages in American history. Perhaps his greatest contribution in this study is his ability to make the reader visualize historical events, and to question their depiction in conventional academic literature and fiction. Part II Seeing history from different perspectives is more than a projection of the past – it is a condition for understanding why the present looks the way it does. In this sense, retelling American history through the eyes of the Native people is important for understa nding it not only as a mixture of flat events, but as part of a broader historical tendency. By seeing history through the prism of the Native people, we gain a different perspective on their attempts to adapt their system of beliefs, social traditions and customs to the growing patterns of dominance, which were being established by the settlers. Richter raises this peculiar topic of adjustability in his observation

Learning and Memory Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Learning and Memory - Essay Example Thus, depending upon the length of the material, I was able to devote reading 1-3 chapters per week considering that there are other materials in the other subjects to study for. Before moving on the next week, I reviewed the week’s material so this can facilitate retention. There are times when I had reviewed the materials only once; but frequently, I had reviewed them more than twice because I learned in this course that information can be easily recalled if it is rehearsed more often. I consider this class as different from other classes, so it required me to study differently. I find this class difficult; but, I did not waver. I modified my pattern of studying to include a daily regimen of reading and mnemonics which is not usual in my other classes. It required me to be more reflective and understanding that is to understand the facets of the human brain. I have learned that long term potentiation â€Å"is the process by which synchronous firing of neurons  makes those  neurons  more inclined to fire together in the future† (Human-memory.net). I learned that when we are learning every now and then, the more it will be easier for the brain to function its cognitive processes since the neurons will be more activated thus giving off academic results for students. It is learned that the brain areas of the â€Å"thalamus and the frontal lobe† (Human-memory.net) are responsible for the process of laying down a memory. Once one wanted to recall the information–supposing that it has retained and processed in the long-term memory–for a test or some homework, the Hippocampus is involved. â€Å"Although the exact way in which these pieces are identified and recalled later remains largely unknown† (Human-memory.net). If the information has been encoded semantically, then it can be consolidated into a long term memory; however, if it has

Problem of Environmental Pollution

Problem of Environmental Pollution Environmental pollution â€Å"The sun, the moon and the stars would have disappeared long ago had they happened to be within the reach of predatory human hands.† (Havelock Ellis) We have stepped into the twenty first century, in this century; one of biggest problem faced so far is environmental pollution. Environmental pollution is the contamination caused by man made waste of air, water and land, which effect s or causes discomfort in the ecosystem of earth. Air pollution and water pollution are the most dangerous environmental pollution in earth. According to Havelock If humans could reach the sun, moon and stars they would have even polluted them. This essay will discuss the consequences of man made pollution to environment and its solution. The essential oxygen for our body is supplied by air. Human activities release substance into the air, which can cause many problems to human, animals and plants. Some of the effects of air pollution are reducing lung faction, Irritation of eyes, nose, mouth and throat, Asthma attacks, Respiratory symptoms such as coughing and wheezing, reduced energy levels, Headaches and dizziness, Disruption of reproductive and immune systems, Cardio problems, Cancer, Premature death.(Tropical rain forest animals.com). According to many doctors these are some of the diseases that are spread by breathing polluted air. One of the major causes of air pollution is â€Å"Global Warming†. Global warming is the increase in the average temperature of earths surface. â€Å"The temperature of the earth is controlled by the balance between the input from the sun and the loss of this back into space†.(Maslin, p 4). Human activities have sent harmful gases to the space, which has resulted in to a whole in the ozone layer of the earth which protects the suns heat form reaching earth. â€Å"The gas carbon dioxide has been emitted into the atmosphere in increasing amounts over the past two hundred years and more substantially over the past fifty years. Every year these emissions currently add to the carbon already present in the atmosphere a further eight hundred thousand million tones.†(Houghton, p 13) One of the biggest global warming effects is polar ice cap melting. â€Å"According to national snow and ice data centre there are 5,773,000 cubic tones of water is available in the earth in the form of ice and snow. If all these ice and snow starts to meltdown in once, the sea level will rise up to two hundred and fifty feet higher† (Simmon 2007), which might cause natural disasters like tsunami, hurricane Katrina and etc. One of the other effects of air pollution is disease and premature deaths. As every one knows oxygen is an essential for a human or an animal to live. The factories, other building in the industrialized places and motor vehicles release harmful gas as waste; this gas gets mixed up with the natural air. When humans and animals breathe this unhealthy air they fall ill. If a pregnant mother breaths this air in can even cause death to her baby. These are some of the effects of air pollution. In this world one third is covered with water in the form of ocean, lakes, rivers and etc. â€Å"Water Pollution means, the contaminated water which cannot be used for any purpose† (Mc Kinney, p 408). The causes of water pollution are industrial waste, oil, radio active waste and marine dumping. When water is polluted in cannot be used for drinking, cannot be used for the crops by farmers and for other essential purposes. The effects of air pollution are diseases caused by drinking water, human and animal deaths and affecting the gene. Water is one of the basic needs of human and others lives. Human activity like dumping waste in oceans has polluted the water. All the forms of water are inter connected, when people dump plastic, papers, card board and other items which takes time to degrade, pollutes the whole water. One of the other water pollution effects is human and animal deaths. As every one knows human body and animal body is some of the greatest creations of god. We humans pollute dump all the waste in sea which will take time to dissolve. Due to the waste, chemical and toxic it poisons the water. When human and wild animals drink this water they fall sick then die mainly in developing countries. The other main effect of water pollution is effect on the genes. In many industrialized area all the factory waste and toxic are dumped in sea. The poor people who live around that area consume water from that sea which will be connected to rivers. When pregnant woman consume that water it directly affects the babys gene. When this baby is born there are many chances of this baby being born disabled or paralyzed. These are some of the effects of water pollution. Prevention is all ways better than cure. There is all ways prevention available for every possible disaster man had made to this earth. Firstly here are some of the prevention methods for air pollution. In our world one of the biggest industries that are growing is automobile industry. Do you know how much smoke is released in an average auto mobile? The answer is a lot. Because auto mobile has been an essential human need. To avoid the air pollution by auto mobile people should be advised to use public transport and government should encourage companies to produce electric car and other auto mobile which will not effect the environment. The other air pollution problem is the harmful gas released by factories. Best way to prevent this is to bring out laws to reduce factories that are releasing harmful gas or encourage them to use green methods for their factory activities which can bring out greener product to the society. â€Å"Legislation, such as the clean air act, helps to make sure that the main culprits of air pollution are properly regulated and mandatory laws are in place to ensure that air pollution prevention is taken seriously.†(www.controllingpollution.com) One of the other ways to prevent air pollution is to bring out and implement laws that will help to reduce the usage products that will release harmful gas and pollute the air. Laws like maximum gas products a house hold can use, maximum auto mobile a family can have, and rewards for people who use green products that will help the environment should be brought to encourage the society to become green user. And finally a prevention method for air pollution is creating awareness among the people. You always remember to share you thoughts about air pollution with all the other people in your society, which might help to educate them about the air pollution and its effects to environment. These are some of the prevention methods of air pollution. Other set of prevention methods that can prevent environmental pollution is for the water pollution. The first method of preventing water pollution is using purified water. Consuming purified and healthy water is a very important activity for human and other living organism. In previous paragraphs the effects of using unhealthy or polluted water was explained. When you consume purified water you can avoid many of the diseases caused consuming by polluted water. Water is one of the best medicines naturally available on earth. We should all ways remember to use boiled and germs free water to drinking purpose. And one of the other problems of water pollution is the factories that releases waste into river or lake. In many factories their waste pipe is led to a river or lake which is located next to their factory. The government should fine these kinds of factories who are not following the safety rules that are set to protect public. These factories should all so be dislocated from the area In order to clean the waste dumped in to rivers. â€Å"One of the main reasons why water pollution is still such a threat to our planets health is because the governments of the world either choose to ignore the pollution that business is responsible for or because they want to give businesses ten years to change their industry.†(www.scipeeps.com) According to this article if government decided to shut down a factory they should give them ten years change their industry of the business which might lead to lose of a income to government. These are some the prevention methods for water pollution. In conclusion, there are two main environmental pollution available. One is air pollution and other one is water pollution. Mainly all this pollution is caused by man. As the result of mans activity now the human and other living organism are facing many difficulties. The earth is a beautiful place but he humans with out appreciating we are causing many discomfort to it, forgetting that what ever you do to earth we are the ones who is going to struggle out of it.â€Å"When we heal the earth, we heal ourselves.†(David). If we decide to clean the mess that we have made in the earth, the earth will be a better place. If Humans decided to continue these activities, in future none of us will be left to alive in the world. We could even change this world in to a dessert, which many of us wont like it. So we should act fast because after us there are many generations to come in to this world. Bibliography David Orr http://www.quotegarden.com/environment.html (Retrieved 20/11/09) Different Ideas for Prevention of Air Pollution http://www.controllingpollution.com/prevention/prevention-of-air-pollution/ (Retrieved 29/11/09) Havelock Ellis, The Dance of Life, 1923 http://www.quotegarden.com/environment.html (retrieved 20/11/09) John Houghton (2009), what is global warming. Global warming-the complete briefing (Page 13), New York, Cambridge university press. Mark Maslin (2004), the earths natural green house. Global Warming- a very short introduction,(page 4),New York, oxford university press. Micheal L.Mckinney,Robert M.Schoch, Logan Yonavjak, (2007) Water pollution. Environmental Science: Systems and solution, fourth edition (page 408), Sudbury, Jones and Bartlett Publishers. Pollution effects on human, animals, plants and the environment, 2008: http://www.tropical-rainforest-animals.com/pollution-effects.html (Retrieved 15/11/09) Simmon 2007, 5 deadliest effects of global warming: http://www.environmentalgraffiti.com/sciencetech/5-deadliest-effects-of-global-warming/276 (Retrieved 14/11/09) Water pollution prevention, May 28, 2009 http://scipeeps.com/water-pollution-prevention/ (Retrieved 29/11/09) Sakthivel Senthooran (SASED93)

Suggestion of Narrator in Edgar Allan Poes The Masque of the Red Death :: essays research papers

Edgar Allan Poe?s ?The Masque of the Red Death? provides many allusions as to who, if anyone, narrates the tale. The narrator witnesses all the events within the sealed abbey and lives to tell the tale. However, it is certain that everyone in the abbey dies at the end, after exposure to the Red Death. This seems to clearly indicate that it is not possible for any guest to be the narrator, unless someone can supernaturally foresee the future. This also rules out the possibility of the narrator being Prince Prospero, despite the emphasis in the story placed on wealth and beauty, indicating a more pragmatic perspective from whoever is narrating. There is also the possibility that the tale is written by a dying guest who makes an astonishingly accurate assumption of the end result of events. This leaves one to ponder whether there is, in fact, no intended narrator, or rather, an abstract narrator, such as the Red Death itself. Can one consider that Poe was merely careless and that the inclusion of three first-person pronouns1 is meaningless, indicating there is no narrator? This would, however, be quite an aberration of Poe?s tendency to pay such close attention to the usage of language in his works. Relating to recurring concepts in Poe?s writing, his dreadful fear of death could be the reason why the narrator may be the Red Death itself. The strongest evidence is that the narrator is aware of all the events within the story, while at the same time reporting it, and is able to tell what happens at the very end-the point at which everyone within the abbey is dead. Also apparent is the language used to describe the guests? reaction to the masked figure, which is somewhat indicative of a personal opinion. The narrator never blatantly appears in a scene, but is always there and knows of all happenings. Even then, the narrator is only ever revealed as the one who tells of events2. He highlights and describes events as if he were an outside party, when, in actuality, he is within. Could the narrator be omniscient, perhaps the super ego of Poe himself?

How Much Land Does a Man Need Essay

Realism, as the word implies, deals with reality as its subject, that is, putting emphasis on what is happening in the real world, rather than stressing emotions as a source of aesthetic experience. In literature, it often focuses on moral or ethical choices such that it gives emphasis on the actions by the characters rather than the actual plot of the story. Characters are also portrayed with motive, more often than not, in relation to the view of their social class. In realism, sensational and dramatic elements that are often found in naturalism and romances are avoided. The short stories â€Å"The Bet† and â€Å"How Much Land Does a Man Need? † are examples of literature in the style of realism which focuses on the ethical choices of the characters in relation to their social class. â€Å"The Bet† focuses on the materiality of the world. It gave contrasts to the materialistic world view of the banker, and the simplicity of the young man in the story. Although the question at the beginning is whether or not the death penalty is worse than life imprisonment, the story has not given an answer to it (it was not its intention to answer this anyway), but rather, it presented views of morality. It altogether despises materiality. The young man at the end of the story proclaimed: â€Å"It is all worthless, fleeting, illusory, and deceptive, like a mirage†¦ I marvel at you who exchange heaven for earth. I don’t want to understand you† (Chekrov). Like â€Å"The Bet,† â€Å"How Much Land Does a Man Need? † criticizes the human sense of materiality. The story, however, shifts its focus on greed. It differs with â€Å"The Bet† in the sense that while â€Å"How Much Land Does a Man Need? † does not necessarily condemn acquiring material possession in this world, it presented a question of how much of this material possession does man really need. Pahom, the main character in the story, was given the opportunity to acquire land of his own, but was overcome by greed many times throughout the story. In the end, this greed was the cause of his death. The moral of the story is that man should only take what is necessary for living, nothing in excess. The story also implies that man cannot take in death what man possess in life. Works Cited Chekrov, Anton. â€Å"The Bet† Tolstoy, Leo. â€Å"How Much Land Does a Man Need†

People Have Become Overly Dependent on Technology Essay

1. Introduction The last half-century ago, many countries are undeveloped and developing. They need to focus on the economic indicators such as GDP but without concern about environmental issues. Over the past three decades, people are being to concern about the environmental issues because of unbalance development between economic and environmental. Recently, sustainable development was first used in the 1980’s to express concern around the world. In this report is to identify the existing strategies and practices within hotels through literature and corporate communications materials. The report will use the in-depth interview and analyze data and discuss the findings with the method. Finally, the report will make a conclusion and recommendation for the selected topic. Read more: Dependence on Technology Essay 2. Literature Review a) Definition of Sustainable Development Sustainable development is a wider development which includes social and natural capacities. Based on the Brundtland Commission in Kirk (1997), sustainable development â€Å"meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs†. There are two key concepts to achieve it as well as adaptations to the tourism industry in the form of sustainable tourism. i) the concept of ‘needs’, in particular the essential needs of the world’s poor, to which overriding priority should be given; and ii) the idea of limitations imposed by the state of technology and social organization on the environment’s ability to meet present and future needs. b) â€Å"Sustainable marketing† Middleton and Hawkins’s concept of sustainable marketing was environmental and financial goals must balance because it depends on each other. There are three â€Å"E†s to support the sustainable marketing strategy. i) Economy – it is making revenue or income; ii) Ecology – it is making environmental quality; iii) Equity – it is giving a better distribution of the benefits of tourism. Middleton and Hawkins said that a hotel’s marketing and design will decide the types of tourists, who will stay there, and what kinds of need they will have and what kind of effects they will have on the local environment. Middleton and Hawkins also mention 10 â€Å"R†s for organizations to achieve the sustainable marketing strategy. They are: Recognize environmental problems, Refuse any damaging activities, Reduce waste and resources, Replace environmentally questionable activities, Re-use – consider of re-using potential waste, Recycle, Re-engineer organizational structures, Retrain employees in environmental issues, Reward successful attainment of environmental objectives, Reeducate employees and customers, to benefit the environment. Agenda 21 also suggested the actions can be done by public. There are: assessment of the capacity of the destination’s systems to become sustainable; training, education, and public awareness; facilitating exchange of sustainable tourism information between developed and developing countries; providing for the participation of all sectors of society; design of new tourism products; measuring progress. c) Environmental management system (ISO 14001) ISO 14001 is for environmental management. Its standards or guidelines to help organizations by standardizing some key environmental analysis tools. It also guides the organization to have a complete environmental management system, and meet customers, industry, and legislation limits. Under the ISO14001, companies need to do are as follows: i) minimize harmful effects on the environment caused by its activities; ii) to conform to applicable regulatory requirements; iii) to achieve continual improvement of its environmental performance. 3. Methodology It is using qualitative method to make a research. There are different types of qualitative research methods including in-depth interviews, focus groups, case studies, ethnography and phenomenology. Our group is choosing in-depth interview for this report. In-depth Interview An in-depth interview is an open-ended, discovery-oriented method that is  well suited for describing both program processes and outcomes from the perspective of the target audience or key stakeholder. The goal of the interview is to explore the respondent’s point of view, feelings and perspectives deeply. Advantages of in-depth interview 1) Learning about the respondents’ views It is not similar with focus group which focuses on the group mainly. It makes the effective qualitative method by receiving respondents’ perspective, feelings and recommendations. It gives an opportunity of how people explain things too. 2) Precise and detailed information There is less time delay between the interviewee and interviewer that can answer the question immediately and the process is spontaneous. The interview can be recorded by in tape with the permission of the respondents. So, the information will more precise and detailed with using this method and running smooth when having the interview. 3) Dispassionate judgment Some people will affected by others’ view point when they answer questions. However, in-depth interview will not happen during the interview. Disadvantages of in-depth interview 1) Slow process An in-depth interview is a slow process because the respondents will spend much more time to explain some jargons or analyze his/her opinions. Interviewer plays an important role in in-depth interview. 2) Respondents’ view may distract the main content Respondents will not concentrate on the main content of the interview or may not serve the purpose of the taking an interview. So interviewer need to remind the interviewees concentrate back to the main content of the topic. In order to prevent being directed to wrong direction, group also needs to sieve unwanted information from the interview. 3) Side tracking from the answer Interviewer should use both tape recording and notes taking which decrease the possibilities of side tracking the discussion during the interview. Otherwise, the report may be directed to the wrong direction too. b) Sampling and Data Collecting Method To enrich our data and information, we invited interviewees who are hotels’ managers in Hong Kong. They are: i) Leanne Chan – Communications Manager at Island Shangri-La Hong Kong, ii) Karen Wong – Communications Manager at L’hotel Island South, iii) Eric Chan – Marketing Manager at Hotel Nikko Hong Kong We sent almost 10 letters to target hotel which obtain ISO 14001 certification. After few days, we received some reply from hotels. Then we sent back an invitation letters to explain the reason in conducting this research. Finally, three successful invitations we invited with a 20 minutes in-depth interview. The below questions are prepared by the group. The questionnaire is less structure. The in-depth interview aims to be semi-structured that can explore more during the interview. 1) Why this industry is a focus of growing environmental concern? 2) What is the role of the hotel sector in tourism development, and/or sustainable development in a region or nation? 3) Is the customer purchase behavior to stimulate tourism industry to concern about environmental protection? 4) What is the response of the hospitality and tourism industry to achieve the sustainable development? Those questions are open-ended questions in order to get a range of answers from the interviewees. Interviewees will not affect by others’ point of views during the in-depth interview, thus, open-ended questions is suitable for it. Interviewer will collect a range of data for analysis and discussion. 4. Qualitative Data Analysis and Discussion Government concern about environmental protection The tourism industry was originally focused on the industries such as heavy industry, whereas all people are concern about environmental effects. The tourism industry is the one of the focus industry, directly creating 218,000 jobs in Hong Kong and accounting for 9.5% of the Hong Kong’s GPD. Tourism is increasingly considered a power for economic development. This is importance to concern about environmental protection because Hong Kong government has to regulate and enforce legislation for environmental protection as tourism develops. Air transport, as part of the industry, contributes significantly to tertiary environmental problems caused by various factors. Air transport generates the most carbon dioxide per passenger kilometer of all travel methods, and is held responsible for 3.5% of global warming, likely to rise to 15% by 2050 (Friends of the Earth, 2000). Hotel plays key role in sustainable development The tourism industry development is rapid increasing, especially hotel industry play a key role in the development with a shape in GDP. However, tourism industry brings some conflicts to Hong Kong such as noise, space, welfare, inflation and so forth. The impact of the hotel sector depends to a great degree on the types of tourists that are targeted. At one extreme the â€Å"explorers†, â€Å"wilderness lover/anthropologist†, and â€Å"experiential† tourists make few demands on natural resources, expect less amenities and cultural facilities, also do not require arrive to the destination easily. At the other extreme, psychocentric tourists demand resources of the type, quality, and quantity they enjoy at home. Depending on which segments targeted by hotels, therefore, environmental, economic, and socio-cultural impacts can be evaluated. Hotels have a considerable potential role in the development of the local economy. This potential remains, however, mainly unrealized with the exception of some exceptionally modern companies and those of the eco-tourism or sustainable tourism bent. Three environmentally-friendly hotels and related businesses that claim to use elements of sustainable  development or environmental friendliness will now be examined such as establish an environmental policy, design an environmental planning, training staffs to enhance the awareness of environmental protection, operation control and so on. â€Å"Green tourists† stimulate hotels to â€Å"change† â€Å"Green tourists† means people are concern about environmental issues including wildlife, transport, conservation, use of resources, pollution, construction and planning, sports activities, and practices of tourism firm themselves. Recently, customers’ purchase behavior tend to purchase environmentally friendly products. But there are some limitation to produce environmentally friendly products by hotels which are cost, persuasion, and competitiveness. However, hotels need to â€Å"change† their strategy for their products, otherwise, customer will not purchase those products without concern about environmental. There are some sources of effect on undecided consumer: i) pressure group such as Friends of the Earth, ii) personal organic experiences from friends, family and travelers, iii) media such as newspaper, internet, iv) the tourism itself, and iv) government in destination country. The response of the hospitality and tourism industry for sustainable products There are two basic methods to achieve green marketing. The first is â€Å"business as usual, colored green† where lip service and green marketing are added so the environment becomes another marketing tool. The second is a â€Å"fundamental change in attitude regarding the role of firms in relation to the environment†. A â€Å"fundamental† method may be termed sustainable business, incorporating concepts like â€Å"eco-efficiency†. It also obtains benefit from three aspects of sustainable development which are economy, environment, and social factors. Another response is ecotourism. There are lots of definitions of the ecotourism. The Ecotourism Society, for instance, defines ecotourism as: â€Å"responsible travel to natural areas that conserves the environment and sustains the well-being of local people† (Ecotourism Society, 2000). The  same concepts within the ecotourism are including carrying capacity, conservation, education and/or interpretation, environmental impact assessments, limits of acceptable change, and visitor impact management. 5. Conclusion and Recommendations a) Conclusion The main conclusion is mention that the agreement on the sustainable development within tourism industry and much more significantly in the future. Hotels play a key role on the sustainable development; â€Å"green tourists† lead to â€Å"change† hotel attitude on environmental friendly; and hotel industry response positively with the sustainable development. The in-depth interview method is small number of interviewees; some interviewees may not provide information deeply because of privacy or confidential information. b) Recommendation Prepare the interview The team is less prepare for the interview. The team should make appointments with interviewees and without giving too much detail on the topic. And then read again the interview grid and memories it. The team also needs to prepare the recorder, wear the casual dress. To work the study immediately after finishes the interview First impressions after the interview are to be written right after interview as well as the same day. Also the transcription should be done as soon as possible after the interview. Other recommendation †¢ Interviews are too short and do not able to get enough information expected; a good interview must hold at least one hour or even more, and result in a hand writing around thousand lines, which was far from the case for the majority of partners; †¢ Lack of using follow up questions allowing a real conversation and a search in depth for useful explanations; †¢ Not enough questions allowing understanding clearly what the interviewees told to the interviewer; †¢ Probably not enough learning  about the question before the interviews; †¢ Some of the above difficulties may be due to the lack of former experience by the persons who involved the interview, as well as to the limited time allowed per interview in the study. 6. References Bull, A. (1993). The economics of travel and tourism. Melbourne, Australia: Pitman Publishing. Cooper, H. M. (1989). Integrating research: A guide for literature reviews (2nd edition). Newbury Park, CA: Sage Publications. Fletcher, K. (n.d). Striving for excellence: Communicating environmental quality in the hotel industry. London: International Hotels Environment Initiative. Forte, J. (1994). Environmentally-friendly management in hotels. In B. Taylor, C. Hutchinson, S. Pollack, & R. Tapper (Eds.) Environmental Management Handbook. Pitman Publishing. Smith, G. D., Arnold, D. R., & Bizzell, B. G. (1991). Business strategy and policy. Boston: Houghton Mifflin. Kirk, D. (1997) Environmental management for hotels. Oxford: Butterworth Heinemann. Kotler, P. (1999). Marketing: Millennium Edition. Prentice Hall. Hughes, G. (1995). The cultural construction of sustainable tourism. Tourism Management 16(1), 49- 59. Aragà ³n-Correa, J. A. (1998). Strategic proactivity and firm approach to the natural environment. Academy of Management Journal 41 Boyd, S. W., & Butler R.W. (1996). Managing ecotourism: an opportunity spectrum approach. Tourism Management 17 Ecotourism Society (2000). Frequently asked questions. [On-line]. Available: http://www.ecotourism.org/faq.html. Accessed 15/08/00. Friends of the Earth (2000). Plane crazy: Airport growth in the UK. [On-line]. Available: http://www.foe.co.uk/camps/attran/pubs/plane_intro.htm. Accessed 20/01/00.